Ephesians, along with Philippians, Colossians, and Philemon are usually grouped together as a unit that we call Paul’s Prison Letters. As the description suggests, the general feeling is that Paul wrote these four letters while in prison. Paul’s references to being a prisoner in Ephesians 3:1 and 4:1 are probably more than just figurative language of Paul’s life as a Christian. The same holds true for his reference to his chains in 6:20. These descriptions almost certainly are in reference to his current status of imprisonment. In addition to this similarity of the place of writing, you will also notice a strong (at times identical) correlation between Ephesians and Colossians.
Chapter 1 is filled with language that is confusing to many. Words like predestine and the phrase, “chose before the foundation of the world,” are alarming to many. A theology of predestination is employed by some with this chapter, along with Romans 9-11, as their main passages of support. However, the particular use of these phrases is really not troubling at all when one considers the whole counsel of God and the specifics of the context of Ephesians 1. As we have indicated many times before, in the Bible, the sovereignty of God and the free will of humanity is a both/and deal, not an either/or. That is, we cannot dismiss the fact that God has blessed us with a free will to choose Him even though He has chosen us.
In the particular context of Ephesians 1, we should pay careful attention to the recurring prepositional phrase that dominates this passage. We cannot deny that the idea of predestination occurs in this passage. However, we have to understand predestination as related by Paul in this passage. The recurring prepositional phrase “in Christ” or “in Him” helps us to understand correctly the idea of predestination. The predestination of people or the choosing of people before the foundations of the world is rooted in Christ. Before the foundations of the world, God had a plan in Christ. God knew that humanity would fall to sin. God had a plan to solve this problem. So, the idea of predestination is not that “Jim, John, Mary, and Sue would be saved and others would not be saved.” The idea of predestination is that all “in Christ” would be saved. We all have the opportunity to be saved.